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ãã·ã¢èªåŠç¿ã«ããããã®æ ç»ã»ãã©ãã¯ãåå¿è ãªãCheburashkaãšMoscow Does Not Believe in TearsãäžçŽè ãªãBetter Than UsãšThe Irony of FateãäžçŽè ãªãStalkerãšThe Master and Margaritaã§ãããã·ã¢èªã¯çŽ2å5500äžäººã話ããFSIã§ã¯ã«ããŽãªãŒIVã«åé¡ãããç¿åŸã«ã¯çŽ1100æéãå¿ èŠãšãããŠããŸãã
ãã·ã¢æ ç»ã¯ãè©äŸ¡ã«èŠåãã»ã©äžççã«æ³šç®ãããŠãããšã¯èšããŸããããœé£æä»£ã®åäœãèã ãã90幎代ã®äœåããããŠé ä¿¡ã§å¢ããå¢ãçŸä»£ãã©ãã®æ³¢ããããæ¢æ±ãããã®ããæ ç»æåã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããããŠãå€ãã®åŠç¿è ã身æ§ããã¡ãªèšèªã®è³ãéããæ¹æ³ãšããŠãããšãŠãåªããŠããŸãã ãã·ã¢èªã¯äžçã§çŽ2å5500äžäººã話ãèšèªïŒEthnologue, 2024ïŒã§ãè©±è æ°ã¯äžç8äœã§ããFSIã¯ãã·ã¢èªãã«ããŽãªãŒIVã«åé¡ããç¿åŸã«ã¯çŽ1100æéãå¿ èŠãšããŠããŸããããªã«æåã¯æåã®3æ¥ãããã¯æãèŠããŸããããã®åŸã¯äžæ°ã«è ã«èœã¡ãŸããæ¬åœã®é£æã¯ææ³ã§ãã6ã€ã®æ Œãåè©ã®å®äºäœãšäžå®äºäœã®ãã¢ããããŠåŒ·èª¿ã®ããã«èªé ãå ¥ãæ¿ããããæè»ããèšèªåŠè Stephen Krashenãã€ã³ããã仮説ã§è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãå®éã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ããåŸãããçè§£å¯èœãªã€ã³ãããã¯ãææ³ãèªç¶ã«èº«ã«ã€ããæã广çãªæ¹æ³ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãã ãã®ãªã¹ãã¯ããã·ã¢ã®æ ç»ãšãã¬ãã®60幎åãã«ããŒããŠããŸããèªåã®ã¬ãã«ã«åããã®ããå§ããŠãå°ããã€ã¹ãããã¢ããããŠãããŸãããã

The Irony of Fate (Ironiya Sudby)
ãã·ã¢ã§ã¯å€§æŠæ¥ã«ã©ã®å®¶åºã§ã芳ãå®çªã§ããããã°ãIt's a Wonderful Lifeãã芳ãã®ãšåãããžã·ã§ã³ãäŒè©±ã¯åãããããåéãã³ã¡ãã£ã軞ã§ãç·ãé ã£ãŠééã£ãè¡ã«é£ã³ãèŠç¥ãã¬äººã®ã¢ããŒãã«å ¥ã蟌ãã§ããŸããŸããç¬ãã¯æ¥åžžèªåœã«æ¯ããããŠããŠãç»å Žäººç©ã¯æšæºçã§èãåããããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã®ãã·ã¢èªããã»ã©ããã¹ããŒãã§è©±ããŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: æè©ä»ãã®æ²ãããã€ãåºãŠããŠããã·ã¢äžã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããæè©ã調ã¹ãŠäžç·ã«è¿œã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ããããã·ã¢èªã®è©©ãæè©ã¯ãææ³ãã¿ãŒã³ãäœã«å ¥ããã®ã«æå€ãšå¹æçã§ãã

Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears (Moskva Slezam ne Verit)
ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã§çãã3人ã®å¥³æ§ã20幎ã«ããã£ãŠæããã¢ã«ãããŒè³ãåè³ããäœåã§ããäŒè©±ã¯èªç¶ã§ãåæ ãä»äºãææãåè²ãŠãªã©ãããŒããèšèé£ãã¯æšæºçã§ãææ ã®å¹ ãåºãã®ã§ãçŸå®ã§åœ¹ç«ã€å Žé¢ã®èªåœãå¢ããŸããæ°å幎ã«ãŸãããããã1950幎代ãã1970幎代ã«ãããŠã®ãã·ã¢èªã®åŸ®åŠãªå€åãè³ã«ã§ããŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: ãŸãã¯å®¶åºå ã®ã·ãŒã³ã«æ³šç®ããŸããããèªåœãå®çšçã§ããæçãå£è«ãè¬çœªãäºå®ãç«ãŠããªã©ãå®éã®äŒè©±ã§æã䜿ã衚çŸãè©°ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã

To the Lake (Epidemiya)
ãã³ãããã¯ã顿ã«ãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ãã人éé¢ããæ¹ãžéãã人ã ãæãã¹ãªã©ãŒã§ããç·åŒµæã匷ããæåŸãŸã§èгãããªããŸããäŒè©±ã¯çŸä»£çã§å£èªçãªãã·ã¢èªãç»å Žäººç©ãèšãäºãã亀æžãã远ãè©°ããããç¶æ³ã§æ±ºæããã®ã§ãææ ãé«ã¶ã£ããšãã®ãã·ã¢èªã®é¿ããåãããŸããèªåœã¯ãµãã€ãã«ãå®¶æã®å¯Ÿç«ãé埳çãžã¬ã³ããŸã§å¹ åºãã§ãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: ç»å Žäººç©å士ã®èšãäºãã¯ããã·ã¢èªã§å察æèŠãã©ã衚ããåŠã¶ã®ã«æé©ã§ããæããç®èãæé¡ã§ã€ã³ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãã©ãå€ãããã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããããã·ã¢èªã®ã€ã³ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ææ ã匷ãéã³ãŸãã

The Method (Metod)
åç Žããªææ»ãããåäºãæããããŒã¯ãªç¯çœªãã©ãã§ããäŒè©±ã¯ç·è¿«ããŠçããå°åã·ãŒã³ãå€ããç»å Žäººç©ãç®çãæã£ãŠççŽã«è©±ããŸãããã·ã¢èªã§è³ªåãããåœä»€ãããçãæãçµã¿ç«ãŠãç·Žç¿ã«åããŠããŸããçŸä»£ã¹ã©ã³ã°ãšèŠå¯çšèªãæ··ãããèªåœãäžæ°ã«åºãããŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: å°åã·ãŒã³ã§ã¯ãç»å Žäººç©ãæå³çã«å®çµããæã§è©±ããããåŸãŸããããã£ã¯ããŒã·ã§ã³ç·Žç¿ã«äœ¿ããŸããããæ¢ããŠæžãåããããšã§ç¢ºèªããŸãã質åã®åã¯ãæ¥åžžã§ãäœåºŠã䜿ããã¿ãŒã³ã§ãã

Better Than Us (Luchshe, chem lyudi)
è¿æªæ¥ã®ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ãèå°ã«ããã人åãããããããããã·ã¢ã®SFã·ãªãŒãºã§ãããã·ã¢ã®ãã¬ããšããŠã¯çããèšå®ã§ãå®¶æã®æ¥åžžäŒè©±ã«å ããŠãããã¯ç³»ã®èªåœãäººéæ§ã«ã€ããŠã®å²åŠçãªè°è«ãåºãŠããŸããNetflixãéããŠåœéçã«åºãé ä¿¡ãããåæã®ãã·ã¢äœåã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãå¶äœã®è³ªãé«ããçºè©±ãã¯ãªã¢ã§ãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: å®¶æã®ã·ãŒã³ã¯ãã ããå®¶åºå ãã·ã¢èªãäŒç€Ÿã®ã·ãŒã³ã¯ãã©ãŒãã«ãªèšãæ¹ã«åãæ¿ãããŸããå Žé¢ã«ãã£ãŠåè©ã®åœ¢ãã©ãå€ãããã远ã£ãŠã¿ãŠãã ããããtyãïŒèŠªããçžæïŒãšãvyãïŒäžå¯§ãè€æ°ïŒã®éããæèã§ã€ãããŸãã

Leviathan (Leviafan)
Andrey Zvyagintsevã«ãããå°ããªæµ·èŸºã®çºã§è æããåžé·ãšæŠãç·ãæããäœåã§ãããã·ã¢èªã¯çã ããèªç¶äž»çŸ©çãç»å Žäººç©ã¯é ã飲ã¿ã眵ããèšãäºããæç§æžã§ã¯åŠã¹ãªãç²åããªæ¥åžžèªã§è©±ããŸããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ä»¥å€ã®å°æ¹ãèå°ãªã®ã§ãæšæºèªãšã¯ç°ãªãå°æ¹ã®è©±ãæ¹ãèããŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: éããŠãã³ãããã£ããã§ãããå®ã¯èªåŠåŠç¿ã«ã¯æå©ã§ããã»ãªãã®éã®æ²é»ããçŽåã®å 容ãè³ãåŠçããæéã«ãªããŸããæ¥ãã§èгãªãã§ãã ããã

Loveless (Nelyubov)
Zvyagintsevã®å¥äœåã§ãé¢å©å¯žåã®å€«å©Šã®æ¯åã倱螪ããç©èªã§ããäŒè©±ã¯ææ ãæ¿ããã察ç«ã«æºã¡ãŠããŸãã芪å¯ãªé¢ä¿ã§ã®ãã·ã¢èªã®èšãäºãæ¹ãåãããŸããéé£ãã¯ãããããæ²é»ãèªåœãææ ãé¢ä¿æ§ã«å¯ã£ãŠããŠãå€ãã®èªåŠã³ãŒã¹ãã»ãšãã©æ±ããªãé åã§ãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: å£è«ã®ã·ãŒã³ã¯äœåºŠã芳ãŸãããããã·ã¢èªã®èšãäºãã«ã¯è±èªãšã¯éããªãºã ãšæ§é ããããŸãã匷調ã®ããã«èªé ãåããã€ã³ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãåŠã¶äŸ¡å€ããããŸãã

Fidelity (Vernost)
çµå©ç掻ã«çåãæ±ã女æ§ãæãããã©ãã§ãããã·ã¢èªã¯éãã§å ççã倿¹ã®äºå®ãé¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã®è©±ãå人ãšã®äžé話ãªã©ãçŸå®çãªå®¶åºå äŒè©±ãé·ãç¶ããŸããããããæ ç»çãªå€§ãããªã»ãªããšã¯æ£å察ã§ããã©ã€ããŒããªå Žé¢ã§ã®å®éã®ãã·ã¢èªã«è¿ãã§ãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: äž»äººå ¬ã¯å¿ãéãããŠãããšããçãåããããªæã§è©±ããã¡ã§ããè±èªãšåããããã·ã¢èªã§ãæã®é·ããææ ã®éãå ·åãšçµã³ã€ãç¹ã«æ³šç®ããŠãã ããã

Brother (Brat)
æ··æ²ãšãã1990幎代ãèæ¯ã«ããµã³ã¯ãããã«ãã«ã¯ã§è¥è ãæ®ºãå±ã«ãªã£ãŠããã«ã«ãç人æ°äœã§ããäŒè©±ã¯90幎代ã®ã¹ã©ã³ã°ãç¯çœªçšèªãã¹ããªãŒãã®ãã·ã¢èªãæ¿åã§ããäžå¯§ã§ãæšæºçã§ããããŸããããæåçã«ã¯å¿ é çŽããã·ã¢äººã¯ãã®æ ç»ã®ã»ãªããé »ç¹ã«åŒçšããŸããå ãã¿ãåãããšããã·ã¢ã®ãããã«ã«ãã£ãŒçè§£ãé²ã¿ãŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: Danila Bagrovã®è©±ãæ¹ã¯æå³çã«ã·ã³ãã«ã§ççŽãæ·¡ã ãšããŠããŸããåšå²ã®äººç©ã®ã»ãã衚çŸã掟æã§ãããŸãã¯åœŒã®ã»ãªãã远ããæ £ããŠãããè圹ã®äŒè©±ã«ãåºããŸãããã

Night Watch (Nochnoy Dozor)
Sergei Lukyanenkoã®å°èª¬ãåäœã«ãããã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ããäŒè©±ã¯çŸä»£ã®å£èªãã·ã¢èªã«ãã¡ã³ã¿ãžãŒçšèªãæ··ãããå ãšéã«ã€ããŠã®ãã©ãããã¯ãªç¬çœãåºãŠããŸãããã³ããéãèªåœãç¬ç¹ã§ãããç¹°ãè¿ã芳ãã®ã楜ãããã·ã¢æ ç»ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããèŠè¿ããã³ã«ãèãéããŠããåèªããã¬ãŒãºãèŠã€ãããŸãã
åŠç¿ã®ãã³ã: ç¥è©±èšå®ã§è¿·åã«ãªããªããããå ã«è±èªã§ãããããèªãã§ãããŸãããããã®åŸããã·ã¢èªé³å£°ãšãã·ã¢èªåå¹ã§èгãŠãã ãããããªã«æåã®åå¹ã¯ãé³ãšç¶Žããçµã³ã€ããå©ãã«ãªãããªã¹ãã³ã°ãšäžŠè¡ããŠèªãåã䌞ã°ãã®ã«éèŠã§ãã
æ ç»ãšãã©ãã§ãã·ã¢èªãåŠã¶ã³ã
åçããåã«ããªã«æåãèŠããŸããããæ¯æ¥ç·Žç¿ããã°1é±éã»ã©ã§ãããŸããè±åã«èŠããã®ã«é³ãå šç¶éãæåïŒãPãã¯ãRãããHãã¯ãNãïŒãããã®ã§ãå ã«æŽçããªããšãã£ãšæ··ä¹±ããŸãã
åè©ã®ãã¢ã¯æ©ãã«æèããŸãããããã·ã¢èªã®åè©ã«ã¯å®äºäœãšäžå®äºäœã®ãã¢ããããæ ç»ã§ã¯ãã®éããåãã®äžã§èŠããŸãããèªãã§ããããšãèªãã ãèªã¿çµãããã®åºå¥ã¯ããã·ã¢èªã§ã¯æ¯åã®ããã«éèŠã«ãªããŸãã
æ Œå€åã®è¡šãäžžæèšããªãã§ãã ããã代ããã«ãå眮è©ãšèªå°Ÿãå®éã®æã®äžã§ã©ãåããã芳å¯ããŸãããã衚ããããç¹°ãè¿ãè§Šããããšã§è³ããã¿ãŒã³ãæ©ãåžåããŸããè¡šã¯æèšçšã§ã¯ãªãåç §çšã«ã
æåã¯ãœé£ã®åäœããå§ããŸãããã1970幎代ãš1980å¹Žä»£ã®æ ç»ã¯ãçŸä»£ãã·ã¢èªããçºé³ãã¯ãªã¢ã§æšæºçãªããšãå€ãã§ããçŸä»£äœåã¯ã¹ã©ã³ã°ãè±èªç±æ¥ã®èªãå€ãããŸãã¯ããããªåå°ãäœã£ãŠããã
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åºå žã»åèè³æ
- Foreign Service Institute (FSI). "Language Difficulty Rankings." U.S. Department of State.
- Ethnologue (2024). "Russian Language Profile." SIL International.
- Krashen, S. (1985). "The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications." Longman.
Wordyã§åŠç¿ãå§ããã
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