éåœèªã®æç§°, ã«ããã«ãå®éã«äœ¿ãåŒã³å17éž
åŠã¶æºåã¯ã§ãã?
å§ããèšèªãéžãŒã!
ã¯ã€ãã¯åç
éåœèªã§æãäžè¬çãªæç§°ã¯ãìêž°ìŒãïŒJagiyaïŒã§ãè±èªã®ãbabyãããhoneyãã«è¿ãæå³ã§ããæ§å¥ãåããã亀éäžã§ãçµå©åŸã§ã䜿ããŸããéåœã®æç§°ã¯å¹Žéœ¢åºåãæ§å¥åœ¹å²ã亀éãšçµå©ã®åºå¥ã®åœ±é¿ã匷ãåãããì¬ë³ŽãïŒYeobo, 倫婊åãã®ãããŒãªã³ãïŒããã幎霢差ã§äœ¿ãåãããì€ë¹ ãïŒOppaïŒããìžëãïŒEonniïŒãããã«ãë¬ë§ãïŒDalling, darlingïŒããíëãïŒHeoni, honeyïŒãªã©ã®ã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ãŸã§å¹ åºããããŸãã
çãçã
éåœèªã§ãã¡ã°ã人æ°ã®æç§°ã¯ ìêž°ìŒïŒJagiyaïŒã§ãããã€ããŒãããããŒãã®ãããªæå³ã§ãã æ§å¥ãåãã䜿ããŸãã亀éäžã§ãçµå©åŸã§ã䜿ããŸããéåœãã©ãã§ãå®éã®æäººå士ã§ãããã¡ã°ãããèãåŒã³æ¹ã§ãã
Ethnologueã®2024幎ããŒã¿ã«ãããšãéåœèªã¯äžçã§8000äžäººä»¥äžã話ããŠããŸããéåœèªã®æç§°ãé¢çœãã®ã¯ã幎霢åºåãæ§å¥åœ¹å²ã亀éãšçµå©ã®åºå¥ã匷ãåæ ãããç¹ã§ããì€ë¹ ïŒOppaïŒã ìžëïŒEonniïŒã®ãããªèªã¯ãæ¬æ¥ã¯èŠªæåŒç§°ã§ãããããææã®åŒã³ãããšããŠäœ¿ãããŸããäžæ¹ã§ ì¬ë³ŽïŒYeoboïŒã¯çµå©ãã倫婊ã«ã»ãŒéå®ãããŸãããã®ä»çµã¿ã¯ãçžæãšã®é¢ä¿æ§ïŒå¹Žéœ¢å·®ãæ§å¥ãå©å§»ç¶æ³ïŒã«ãã£ãŠã䜿ããææ 衚çŸã決ãŸã瀟äŒãæ ããŠããŸãã
ãéåœèªã§ã¯ãéžã¶æç§°ãææ ã ãã§ãªããèãæãšã®ç€ŸäŒçé¢ä¿å šäœã笊å·åããã幎霢差ã話ãæã®æ§å¥ã亀éãçµå©ããŸã§å«ããææèªåœã¯ç€ŸäŒæ§é ã®èªåœã§ããããã
ïŒHo-Min Sohn, The Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, 1999 ãããšã«èŠçŽïŒ
ãã®ã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ãéåœèªã®æç§°ãã«ããŽãªå¥ã«17å玹ä»ããŸããå®çªã幎霢ããŒã¹ã®èŠªæèªã倫婊åããçŸä»£ã®ã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥åçšãéã³å¿ã®ããããã¯ããŒã ã§ããåé ç®ã«ãã³ã°ã«ãããŒãåãçºé³ãäŸæãæåçèæ¯ãä»ããŸãã
æ©èŠè¡š, éåœèªã®æç§°äžèЧ
| æ¥æ¬èª | éåœèª | çºé³ | äžå¯§ã |
|---|---|---|---|
| ãã€ã㌠/ ãã㌠| ìêž°ìŒ (Jagiya) | Ja-gi-ya | casual |
| ããŒãªã³ïŒå€«å©ŠïŒ | ì¬ë³Ž (Yeobo) | Yeo-bo | casual |
| 幎äžã®åœŒïŒææïŒ | ì€ë¹ (Oppa) | Op-pa | casual |
| 幎äžã®åœŒå¥³ïŒææïŒ | ìžë (Eonni) | Eon-ni | casual |
| ç§ã®æ | ëŽ ì¬ë (Nae sarang) | Nae sa-rang | casual |
| ãã€ã㌠/ ããããå | ì êž° (Aegi) | Ae-gi | casual |
| ãããŒïŒçãïŒ | ê¿ (Kkul) | Kkul | slang |
| ãå§«æ§ | 공죌ë (Gongjunim) | Gong-ju-nim | casual |
| çåæ§ | ììë (Wangjanim) | Wang-ja-nim | casual |
| ããŒãªã³ïŒã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ïŒ | ë¬ë§ (Dalling) | Dal-ling | casual |
| ãããŒïŒã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ïŒ | íë (Heoni) | Heo-ni | casual |
| 幎äžã®å ïŒç·æ§ããïŒ | í (Hyeong) | Hyeong | casual |
| 幎äžã®å§ïŒç·æ§ããïŒ | ëë (Nuna) | Nu-na | casual |
| 倧åãªäºº | ìì€í ì¬ë (Sojunghan saram) | So-jung-han sa-ram | polite |
| åå + ì/ìŒïŒæ¥å°ŸïŒ | -ì/ìŒ (-a/ya) | -ah / -yah | casual |
| ããããå / ãã¥ãŒãã£ãŒ | ê·ì믞 (Gwiyomi) | Gwi-yo-mi | slang |
| ç§ã®äºº / ãã£ãäžäºº | ì°ëЬ ì¬ë (Uri saram) | U-ri sa-ram | casual |
éåœèªã®æç§°ãç¬ç¹ãªçç±
åå¥ã®èªã«å ¥ãåã«ãéåœèªã®æç§°ãæ¥æ¬èªã®äžè¬çãªåŒã³æ¹ãšã©ãéãããæŒãããŸããããå šäœã圢äœãæåçãªåã¯3ã€ã§ãã
幎霢åºåïŒììŽ, seoyeolïŒ: éåœèªã®æç§°ã«ã¯ã芪æåŒç§°ã®è»¢çšãå€ããããŸããì€ë¹ ïŒå¥³æ§ã幎äžç·æ§ã«èšãããå ãããïŒãìžëïŒå¥³æ§ã幎äžå¥³æ§ã«èšãããå§ãããïŒãíïŒç·æ§ã幎äžç·æ§ã«èšããå 貎ãïŒãëëïŒç·æ§ã幎äžå¥³æ§ã«èšãããå§ãããïŒãªã©ã§ããææã§äœ¿ãã«ã¯å¹Žéœ¢é¢ä¿ãæ£ããå¿ èŠããããŸããçžæã幎äžãªã ì€ë¹ ãšã¯åŒã¹ãŸããã
æ§å¥ã«ãã䜿ãåã: æ¥æ¬èªã®ã奜ãããããŒãªã³ãã®ããã«è©±ãæã®æ§å¥ã§åœ¢ãå€ãããªã衚çŸããããŸãããéåœèªã®æç§°ã«ã¯æ§å¥ãåºå®ããããã®ããããŸããì€ë¹ ã¯å¥³æ§ã ãã䜿ããŸããëë ã¯ç·æ§ã ãã䜿ããŸããã©ã®èªãéžã¶ãã§ãèªåã®æ§å¥ãšçžæã®å¹Žéœ¢é¢ä¿ãäŒãããŸãã
亀éãšçµå©ã®åºå¥: éåœèªã¯ã亀éäžã®ã«ããã«ãšçµå©ãã倫婊ãã¯ã£ããåããŸããì¬ë³ŽïŒYeoboïŒã¯å€«å©Šåãã§ãã亀éäžã«äœ¿ããšã2åç®ã®ããŒãã§çµå©æèŒªãã€ãããããªéåæã«ãªããŸãã
ð éåœãã©ã广, æç§°ãäžçã«åºãŸã£ãçç±
éåœãã©ãã¯éåœèªã®æç§°ãäžççã«æåã«ããŸãããì€ë¹ ïŒOppaïŒã ìêž°ìŒïŒJagiyaïŒã¯ãæã®äžæçãããã±ãã倪éœã®æ«è£ã®ãããªäœåã§åºãç¥ãããããã«ãªããŸãããéåœæåäœè²èгå éšåäžã®éåœæåæ å ±ãµãŒãã¹ïŒKOCISïŒã«ãããšãäžççãªéæµïŒíë¥, HallyuïŒã®åºããã§ãææè¡šçŸã®èªåœã¯æµ·å€ãã¡ã³ãåŠã¶éåœèªã®äž»èŠããŒãã®1ã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
å®çªã®æç§°
ããã§ç޹ä»ããæç§°ã¯ãå¹Žéœ¢ãæ§å¥ã«å·Šå³ããã«ããã§ããéåœèªã®ã«ããã«è¡šçŸãå§ãããªãããŸããããå®å šã§ãã
ìêž°ìŒ (Jagiya)
/Ja-gi-ya/
çŽèš³: èªå / èªå·±
âìêž°ìŒ, ì€ë ë ëš¹ìê¹?â
ãã€ããŒã仿¥äœé£ã¹ããïŒ
éåœã®ã«ããã«ã§æã人æ°ã®æç§°ãæ§å¥ãåããã亀éäžã§ãçµå©åŸã§ã䜿ããç瞮圢㯠ìêž°ïŒJagiïŒãçŽèš³ã®ãèªåãã¯ãçžæããèªåèªèº«ããšåŒã¶æèŠã§ãäºäººã®äžäœæãå«ãã
ìêž°ìŒ ã¯éåœèªã®æç§°ã®çéã§ããçŽèš³ã¯ãèªåããèªå·±ãã§ãããã®æå³ãçã芪å¯ãã¯ãéåœèªãªãã§ã¯ã ãšææãããŸããçžæããèªåããšåŒã¶ããšã§ããç§ããšãããªããã®å¢çãæº¶ãããããªæèŠã瀺ããŸããå®éã®çšæ³ã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®ããã€ããŒãããããŒãã«è¿ãã§ãã
ç瞮圢㮠ìêž°ïŒJagiïŒã¯åŒã³ããã® -ìŒ ãèœãšãã圢ã§ãããã¡ããåãããããã䜿ããŸããéåœãã©ãããã©ãšãã£ã§ãäž¡æ¹ãé »ç¹ã«èããŸããåœç«åœèªé¢ã«ãããšãæç§°ãšããŠã® ìêž° ã¯å°ãªããšã1990幎代ããåºã䜿ãããŠããŸãã
ëŽ ì¬ë (Nae Sarang)
/Nae sa-rang/
çŽèš³: ç§ã®æ
âëŽ ì¬ë, ììŒ ì¶ííŽ.â
ç§ã®æãèªçæ¥ããã§ãšãã
ãç§ã®æããšããæž©ããææ ã®ããã£ãæç§°ãæäººå士ã ãã§ãªãã芪ãåã©ãã«èšãããšããããìêž°ìŒ ããè©©çã§ãæ¥åžžäŒè©±ãããæ°æã¡ãäŒãããå Žé¢ã«åããæã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãã©ãã¬ã¿ãŒã§ãããåºãã
ìêž°ìŒ ãæ¥åžžã®åŒã³ãããæ ãäžæ¹ã§ãëŽ ì¬ë ã¯æ¬æ°ã®ææ ãæ·±ãå Žé¢ã«åããŸããëŽïŒnaeïŒã¯ãç§ã®ããì¬ëïŒsarangïŒã¯ãæãã§ããè²·ãç©ã®é£çµ¡ãããèªçæ¥ã«ãŒããæ¶ã®å¥ãããŸãã¯éåœæ ç»ã®ãããªå Žé¢ã§èãããšãå€ãã§ãã
ìì€í ì¬ë (Sojunghan Saram)
/So-jung-han sa-ram/
çŽèš³: 倧åãªäºº / éèŠãªäºº
âë¹ì ì ëìê² ìì€í ì¬ëìŽìì.â
ããªãã¯ç§ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§åãªäººã§ãã
çŽæ¥ã®æç§°ã§ã¯ãªããçžæã®å€§åãã説æããŠææ ã瀺ãèšãæ¹ãæ§ãããªè¡šçŸãèª å®ãã匷ãããšããéåœèªã®äŒãæ¹ãåæ ããã
ãã®è¡šçŸã¯ãæç§°ã§ãåä»ãããããããããªããç§ã«ãšã£ãŠäœãããè¿°ã¹ãéåœèªãããã瀺ããŸããçžæã ìì€í ì¬ëïŒå€§åãªäººïŒãšèšãã®ã¯ãæ§ããã ããããéã¿ããããŸããYeon ãš Brown 㯠Korean: A Comprehensive GrammarïŒRoutledge, 2011ïŒã§ãææ ã匷ãå Žé¢ã»ã©ãéåœèªè©±è ã¯çŽæ¥çãªåŒç§°ããæåçãªè¡šçŸã奜ãåŸåããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
幎霢ããŒã¹ã®èŠªæèªïŒææã§äœ¿ãïŒ
éåœèªã®æç§°ã®äžã§ãç¹ã«ç¹åŸŽçã§ããããšããšã¯å åŒå§åйã®åŒã³æ¹ã§ããããã幎霢差ã®ããæäººå士ã®åŒã³ããã«è»¢çšãããŸãããéåœèªåŠç¿ããŒãžã«ã¯ãæèã§ç·Žç¿ã§ãããšã¯ãµãµã€ãºããããŸãã
ì€ë¹ (Oppa)
/Op-pa/
çŽèš³: 幎äžã®å ïŒå¥³æ§è©±è ïŒ
âì€ë¹ , ê°ìŽ ìí ë³Žë¬ ê°ì.â
ì€ë¹ ãäžç·ã«æ ç»èŠã«è¡ããã
çŽèš³ã¯å¥³æ§ã䜿ãã幎äžã®å ããææã§ã¯å¹Žäžã®åœŒæ°ã倫ãžã®æç§°ã«ãªããK-POPã®åœ±é¿ã§äžççã«æåã女æ§ã ãã䜿ããçžæã¯å¹Žäžã®ç·æ§ã«éãã
ì€ë¹ ã»ã©äžççã«ç¥ãããéåœèªã¯å€ããããŸãããçŽèš³ã¯å¥³æ§è©±è ã®ã幎äžã®å ãã§ããææã§ã¯ã幎äžã®åœŒæ°ã«åããçãåŒã³ããã«ãªããŸããPSYã® Gangnam StyleïŒãì€ë¹ ê°ëš ì€íìŒãïŒã§äžæ°ã«åºãŸããéåœãã©ããææçãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãå®çãããŸããã
KOCISã¯ãì€ë¹ ãå®¶æçãªæ¬æãšææçãªèŠªå¯ããéãªãç¬ç¹ã®é åã«ãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã女æ§ã圌æ°ã ì€ë¹ ãšåŒã¶ãšãã幎äžã§ããããšãèªããŠæ¬æã瀺ããŸããåæã«ãå®¶æèªã䜿ãããšã§è·é¢ã®è¿ãã衚ããŸãããã®äºéã®åãã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®äžè¬çãªæç§°ã«ã¯ããŸããããŸããã
éèŠ: ì€ë¹ ã¯å¥³æ§ã幎äžã®ç·æ§ã«ã ã䜿ããŸããç·æ§ãç·æ§ã«ææçã« ì€ë¹ ãšèšããšæ··ä¹±ãæããŸãã
ìžë (Eonni)
/Eon-ni/
çŽèš³: 幎äžã®å§ïŒå¥³æ§è©±è ïŒ
âìžë, ì€ë ì§ì§ ìë».â
ìžëã仿¥ã»ããšã«ãããã
çŽèš³ã¯å¥³æ§ã䜿ãã幎äžã®å§ãã女æ§åå£«ã®ææé¢ä¿ã§ã¯å¹ŽäžããŒãããŒãžã®æç§°ã«ãªãåŸãã芪ãã女æ§å士ã§ããå°æ¬ã芪ãã¿ã蟌ããŠäœ¿ãã
ì€ë¹ ãæ³šç®ãããã¡ã§ãããìžë ãåããããæåçã«éèŠã§ããåºæ¬ã¯å¹Žäžã®å¥³æ§ã幎äžã®å¥³æ§ã«èšãããå§ãããã§ãã芪ãã女æ§å士ã§ã¯ãæž©ãããæ§ãã衚ããŸãã女æ§åå£«ã®ææé¢ä¿ã§ã¯ãì€ë¹ ãšåãããã«å¹Žéœ¢ãžã®æ¬æãå«ãæç§°ãšããŠæ©èœããŸãã
í (Hyeong)
/Hyeong/
çŽèš³: 幎äžã®å ïŒç·æ§è©±è ïŒ
âí, ì€ë ìê° ììŽ?â
íã仿¥æéããïŒ
çŽèš³ã¯ç·æ§ã䜿ãã幎äžã®å ããç·æ§åå£«ã®ææé¢ä¿ã§ã¯å¹ŽäžããŒãããŒãžã®æç§°ã«ãªãåŸãã芪ããç·æ§å士ã§ããæ¬æãå åŒåã®çµãšããŠåºã䜿ãã
í 㯠ì€ë¹ ã®ç·æ§çã§ããç·æ§è©±è ã®ã幎äžã®å ããæå³ããŸããææã§ã®çšæ³ã¯äž»ã«ç·æ§å士ã®é¢ä¿ã§èŠãããŸãããã ãéåœèªã®ç·æ§å士ã®åæ ã§ãææ ã®æž©ããããããŸããçžæã í ãšåŒã¶ã®ã¯ãä¿¡é Œãå¿ èª ãå åŒçãªèŠªãã¿ã瀺ããŸãã
ëë (Nuna)
/Nu-na/
çŽèš³: 幎äžã®å§ïŒç·æ§è©±è ïŒ
âëë, ë ë³Žê³ ì¶ììŽ?â
ëëãäŒãããã£ãïŒ
çŽèš³ã¯ç·æ§ã䜿ãã幎äžã®å§ããææã§ã¯å¹Žäžç·æ§ã幎äžã®åœŒå¥³ã劻ã ëë ãšåŒã¶ããã®é¢ä¿æ§ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ãçŸå®ã§ãå¢ããŠããŠããëë ë¡ë§šì€ãïŒnuna romanceïŒãšãåŒã°ããã
éåœã§å¹Žäžã®ç·æ§ã幎äžã®å¥³æ§ãšä»ãåããšãã圌ã¯çžæã ëë ãšåŒã³ãŸããçŽèš³ã¯ç·æ§è©±è ã®ã幎äžã®å§ãã§ãããëë ããã³ã¹ïŒëë ë¡ë§šì€ïŒãã¯éåœãã©ãã®å®çªã«ãªããŸãããããããã£ãŠããã綺éºãªãå§ãããããŒã€ãã¬ã³ãã®ãããªäœåã§ãæãããŸãããã®èªã«ã¯ç¬ç¹ã®é åããããŸãã幎äžåŽãçžæã®å¹Žäžæ§ãèªãã€ã€ãå®¶æèªã®èŠªå¯ãã§æ·±ãææ ãäŒããŸãã
ð¡ å¹Žéœ¢ãšæ§å¥ã®å¯Ÿå¿è¡š
ææã§äœ¿ã芪æèªã¯å¯Ÿå¿ã峿 Œã§ããèªåã®ç¶æ³ã«åããã®ãèŠããŸãããã
| ããªã | çžæ | åŒã³æ¹ |
|---|---|---|
| å¥³æ§ | 幎äžã®ç·æ§ | ì€ë¹ (Oppa) |
| å¥³æ§ | 幎äžã®å¥³æ§ | ìžë (Eonni) |
| ç·æ§ | 幎äžã®ç·æ§ | í (Hyeong) |
| ç·æ§ | 幎äžã®å¥³æ§ | ëë (Nuna) |
| ã©ã¡ãã§ã | åã幎ãŸãã¯å¹Žäž | ìêž°ìŒ ãåå |
倫婊åãã®åŒã³æ¹
ããã§ç޹ä»ããèªã¯ãçµå©ããããŒãããŒã®é åã§ãã亀éäžã«äœ¿ããšæ©ãããŠæ°ãŸãããªãããšããããŸãã
ì¬ë³Ž (Yeobo)
/Yeo-bo/
çŽèš³: ãã / ããŒãªã³
âì¬ë³Ž, ì€ë ìŒì° ë€ìŽìì.â
ããŒãªã³ã仿¥ã¯æ©ãåž°ã£ãŠããŠãã
ã»ãŒå€«å©Šã«éå®ãããåŒã³æ¹ãå®¶åºçãªæž©ãããšé·ãçŽæã®éã¿ããããì¬ë³ŽìžìïŒé»è©±ã®æšæ¶ïŒãšèªæºãåãã亀éçžæã« ì¬ë³Ž ã䜿ããšã銎ã銎ãããæããããã
ì¬ë³Ž ã¯çµå©åãã®ãããŒãªã³ãã§ããìêž°ìŒ ãããå®¶åºã®æž©ããããããŸãã亀éã®ããã¯ããŒã ãšãèªããšç掻ãå ±æããé¢ä¿ãèªããåŒç§°ã®å·®ã§ããé¢çœãç¹ãšããŠãì¬ë³Ž ã¯é»è©±ã®æšæ¶ã® ì¬ë³ŽìžìïŒyeoboseyoïŒãšèªæºãåãã§ããã©ã¡ããå€ããã»ãããã¡ããèŠãŠãã«ç±æ¥ããŸãã
Sohn ã® The Korean LanguageïŒCambridge University Press, 1999ïŒã«ãããšãì¬ë³Ž ã¯äœäžçŽãåããå€«å©Šã®æšæºçãªåŒã³ããã§ããæ§å¥ãåãã䜿ããŸããä»ãåºãæ®ã£ãŠããã®ã¯ãçµå©ãšããå¶åºŠãæåçã«éãããšã瀺ããŸãã
ì°ëЬ ì¬ë (Uri Saram)
/U-ri sa-ram/
çŽèš³: ç§ãã¡ã®äºº / ç§ã®äºº
âìŽ ì¬ëì ì°ëЬ ì¬ëìŽìì.â
ãã®äººã¯ç§ã®ããŒãããŒã§ãã
é å¶è ãããŒãããŒãæãéåœèªãããèšãæ¹ãì°ëЬïŒuri, ãç§ãã¡ã®ãïŒã¯ãå人ã®ãç§ã®ãããç§ãã¡ã®ãã§è¡šãåŸåãåæ ãããì°ëЬ ëšížïŒuri nampyeon, ããã¡ã®å€«ãïŒã ì°ëЬ ìëŽïŒuri anae, ããã¡ã®åŠ»ãïŒãåãåã
ì°ëЬïŒuriïŒã¯éåœèªã®äŸ¡å€èгãããåºãèªã§ãããç§ãã¡ã®ããç§ãã¡ããæå³ããŸãããæ¥æ¬èªã§ãç§ã®ããšèšãå Žé¢ã§ã䜿ãããŸããì°ëЬ ì§ïŒããã¡ãïŒãì°ëЬ ìë§ïŒããã¡ã®æ¯ãïŒãì°ëЬ ì¬ëïŒããã¡ã®äººãïŒãªã©ã§ãããã®éåçãªä»£åè©ã¯ãææãå人ã«éãããå ±æã®åž°å±ãšããŠæãããŸãã
ãããããŠçãããã¯ããŒã
ããã¯ããããããéã³å¿ãçãã匷ãã§ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã軜ãå Žé¢ã§ãã䜿ãããŸãã
ì êž° (Aegi)
/Ae-gi/
çŽèš³: èµ€ã¡ãã
âì°ëЬ ì êž°, ì ì€ìŽ?â
ãã¡ã®ãã€ããŒãããç ããïŒ
æšæºèªã® ìêž°ïŒagi, èµ€ã¡ããïŒãããããçºé³ãã圢ãã«ããã«éã§ããã€ããŒãã®æå³ã§äœ¿ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãKakaoTalkã§éåžžã«å€ããì êµïŒãããããèŠãã衚çŸïŒã®é°å²æ°ãããã
ì êž° ã¯æšæºèªã® ìêž°ïŒagi, èµ€ã¡ããïŒãæããããã圢ã§ããæ¯é³ã ì ãã ì ã«å€ããããšã§ãããéã³å¿ãšææ ãåºãŸãããã㯠ì êµïŒaegyoïŒãšããããããããæå¬ãæèçã«èŠããéåœã®æŠå¿µãšãé¢ä¿ããŸããã«ããã«å士㧠ì êž° ãšåŒã¶ã®ã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã®ããã€ããŒãã«è¿ãã§ãããã ãéåœã§ã¯ããããšããããèšããå±€ãããã¯ã£ãããããŸãã
ê¿ (Kkul)
/Kkul/
çŽèš³: ã¯ã¡ã¿ã€ïŒç©è³ªïŒ
âê¿ ê°ì ëŽ ì¬ìì¹êµ¬.â
ã¯ã¡ã¿ã€ã¿ããã«çã俺ã®åœŒå¥³ã
çŽèš³ã¯èãäœããã¯ã¡ã¿ã€ããè¥è ã¹ã©ã³ã°ã§ãçããæé«ãå®ç§ã®ãããªæå³ã§äœ¿ããæç§°ãšããŠã¯çžæããçãååšããšèšããäŒçµ±çãšããããçŸä»£ã¹ã©ã³ã°å¯ãã
íëïŒHeoniïŒãããããŒãã®ã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥åçšãªã®ã«å¯ŸããŠãê¿ ã¯æ¬æ¥ã®éåœèªã§ãã¯ã¡ã¿ã€ãã§ããè¥è ã¯ãããã¹ã©ã³ã°ãšããŠäœ¿ããŸããäŸãã° ê¿ì ïŒkkul-jam, ãæé«ã®æŒå¯ãïŒãê¿íŒë¶ïŒkkul-pibu, ãã€ãã€ãèãïŒãªã©ã§ããæç§°ãšããŠ ê¿ ãšåŒã¶ãšãã人çã§ãã¡ã°ãçãååšããšãããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã«ãªããŸãã
공죌ë (Gongjunim)
/Gong-ju-nim/
çŽèš³: ãå§«æ§
âì€ëì 공죌ë 몚ìë¬ ììµëë€.â
仿¥ã¯ãå§«æ§ããè¿ãã«åããŸããã
ç·æ§ã圌女ã劻ã«èšããéã³å¿ã®ããåŒã³æ¹ã공죌 ã¯ãå§«ãã§ã-ë ã¯æ¬ç§°ãçžæãçæã®ããã«æ±ãéåœãã©ãçãªçæ³ãåæ ãããçé¢ç®ã«ãåè«ã£ãœãã䜿ããã
éåœãã©ãã§ã¯ãç·æ§äž»äººå ¬ãçžæãçæã®ããã«å€§åã«ããæåã人æ°ã§ãã공죌ë ã¯ãã®çæ³ãèšèã«ãããã®ã§ããæ¬ç§°ã® -ëïŒnimïŒãå ¥ãããšã§ããããšäžå¯§ã«ããŠããæããåºãŸããå°éãšãµãããçããåæã«æç«ããŸãã
ììë (Wangjanim)
/Wang-ja-nim/
çŽèš³: çåæ§
âììëìŽ ëëìŽ ì€ì šë€.â
çåæ§ãã€ãã«æ¥ããã
공죌ë ã®ç·æ§çã女æ§ã圌æ°ã倫ã ììëïŒçåïŒãšåŒã¶ããšããããæ¥åžžäŒè©±ã§ã¯ 공죌ë ããå°ãªãã ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãããããã«ããã«ã®ããåãã§ããåºãã
공죌ë ã®ç·æ§çã§ãã女æ§ãçžæã ììë ãšåŒã¶ãšããããªãã¯ç§ã®çåæ§ããšããéã³å¿ã®ããæã¡äžãæ¹ã«ãªããŸããæ¥åžžã®äŒè©±ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãSNSã®ãã£ãã·ã§ã³ã§èŠãããããã§ããããžã¿ã«ç©ºéã§ã®ãããããæŒåºããææ 衚çŸããšçžæ§ãè¯ãããã§ãã
ê·ì믞 (Gwiyomi)
/Gwi-yo-mi/
çŽèš³: ããããå / ãããããã€
âì°ëЬ ê·ì믞, ìŽëЬ ì.â
ãã£ã¡ããã§ããã¡ã®ããããåã
ê·ìœë€ïŒgwiyeopda, ããããïŒããæŽŸçã2013幎ã«ãê·ì믞 ì¡ãïŒGwiyomi SongïŒãæµè¡ããŠå®çãããçžæããããããååšããšåŒã¶æç§°ãè¥ãã«ããã«ã«äººæ°ã
ê·ì믞 ã¯2013å¹Žã®æµè¡æ²ãê·ì믞 ì¡ãïŒGwiyomi SongïŒã§äžæ°ã«åºãŸãããã®åŸãå®çªãšããŠæ®ããŸãããèªæºã¯ ê·ìœë€ïŒgwiyeopda, ããããïŒã§ãã圢容è©ãåè©åããŠãããããåãã«ããŸããì êµïŒaegyoïŒã䟡å€ããã¹ãã«ãšããŠæ±ãã«ããã«æåã§ã¯ãããããæç§°ãç¹ã«çããŸãã
ã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ã®æç§°ïŒéåœèªãšè±èªã®åçšïŒ
ã°ããŒãã«åãšæ¬§ç±³ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®åœ±é¿ã§ãè±èªç±æ¥ã®æç§°ãéåœèªã®çºé³ã«åãããŠåãå ¥ããããŸããã
ë¬ë§ (Dalling)
/Dal-ling/
çŽèš³: ããŒãªã³ïŒè±èªç±æ¥ïŒ
âë¬ë§, ì¬ëíŽ!â
ããŒãªã³ãæããŠãïŒ
è±èªã® 'darling' ãéåœèªçºé³ã«ããèªãè¥ããŠåœéå¿åã®ã«ããã«ã䜿ããçŸä»£çã§éã³å¿ãããã幎é å±€ã®äŒè©±ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãSNSã§å€ãã
ë¬ë§ ã¯è±èªã®ãdarlingãããã³ã°ã«ã§è¡šããèªã§ãéåœèªãšããŠèªç¶åããŠããŸããäœçœ®ã¥ãã¯ãçŸä»£çã§ãå°ã西æŽã£ãœãéã³å¿ã§ãã䜿ãã«ããã«ã¯è¥ãã§åœéå¿åã®ããšãå€ãã§ãã幎é ã®èŠªæã®åã§äœ¿ããšãçãäžãããããããããŸããã倱瀌ãšãããããäŒçµ±çãªææèªåœããå€ããŠèŠããããã§ãã
íë (Heoni)
/Heo-ni/
çŽèš³: ãããŒïŒè±èªç±æ¥ïŒ
âíë, ë íê³ ììŽ?â
ãããŒãäœããŠãïŒ
è±èªã® 'honey' ãéåœèªã«ããèªãë¬ë§ ãšåããçŸä»£çã§ã«ãžã¥ã¢ã«ãè¥ãã«ããã«ãæµ·å€çµéšã®ãã人ã«çµã³ã€ãããããè±èªç±æ¥ãåãã£ãäžã§ãåè«ã£ãœã䜿ãããšãããã
ë¬ë§ ãšåæ§ã«ãíë ãã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ãšããŠè¥ãã«ããã«ã®éã§å®çããŸãããæ¬æ°ã§äœ¿ã人ãããŸãã倿¥ã£ãœããåãã£ãäžã§ããããŠäœ¿ã人ãããŸãã幎é å±€ã«ã¯å°ãäžæè°ã«èãããããšããããŸãããéåœã®ããžã¿ã«äŒè©±ã§ã¯æ®éã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããKakaoTalkãInstagramã§ãããèŠãŸãã
ð¡ åå + ì/ìŒ, ãã¡ã°ãç°¡åãªæç§°
éåœèªã§èªç¶ãªæç§°ã®1ã€ã¯ãçžæã®ååã«åŒã³ããã® -ìïŒåé³ã§çµããååã®åŸïŒãŸã㯠-ìŒïŒæ¯é³ã§çµããååã®åŸïŒãä»ããããšã§ããã믌ììŒãïŒMinsuyaïŒããìì§ìãïŒSujinaïŒã®ããã«èšããŸãããã®æ¥å°Ÿã¯ãååãããããåŒã³ããã«å€ããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã§ãããžã§ã³ãããããžã§ããŒãã®æ¹ãæãããã®ã«è¿ãã§ããéåœã®ã«ããã«ã¯ãããåžžã«äœ¿ããŸããäžå¯§ãªåŒã³æ¹ãã芪å¯ããžç§»ãæåã®äžæ©ã«ããªããŸãã
éåœèªã®æç§°, 亀éãšçµå©ã®éã
ã©ã®æç§°ãã©ã®æ®µéã«åãããçè§£ããããšã¯éèŠã§ããå®çšçãªç®å®ããŸãšããŸãã
| çšèª | 亀éäž | 倫婊 | ã¡ã¢ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ìêž°ìŒ (Jagiya) | Yes | Yes | äžèœã§å®å š |
| ì¬ë³Ž (Yeobo) | No | Yes | 倫婊éå® |
| ì€ë¹ /ìžë/í/ëë | Yes | Yes | å¹Žéœ¢ãšæ§å¥ãåãå¿ èŠãã |
| ëŽ ì¬ë (Nae sarang) | Yes | Yes | éãã§ç¹å¥ãªå Žé¢åã |
| ì êž° (Aegi) | Yes | Yes | ãããããŠéã³å¿ãã |
| ë¬ë§/íë (Dalling/Heoni) | Yes | Less common | çŸä»£çãªã³ã³ã°ãªãã·ã¥ |
| 공죌ë/ììë | Yes | Yes | éã³å¿ãããå°ãæŒåºã£ãœã |
| Name + ì/ìŒ | Yes (common early on) | Yes | ãã¡ã°ãããããåŒã³æ¹ |
ãéåœèªã¯ãäºäººã®è·é¢ã調æŽããããã®éåžžã«ç²Ÿå¯ãªéå ·ç«ãŠãæäŸããã代åè©ãæ¥å°ŸèŸãåŒç§°ã®ãã¹ãŠãã瀟äŒçãã€ææ çãªè¿ãã®æž¬å®ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã
ïŒJaehoon Yeon & Lucien Brown, Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge, 2011ïŒ
ð éåœèªã®æç§°ãš ì êµïŒAegyoïŒã®é¢ä¿
éåœã®ã«ããã«æå㯠ì êµïŒaegyoïŒãåãå ¥ããŸããæå³çã«ãããããæå¬ãæŒããããšã§ããì êž° ã®ãããªèµ€ã¡ããèšèã®æç§°ã䜿ãããšãäœã«ã§ã -ìŽ ã -ìŽìŒ ãä»ããããšãçã声è²ãèªåŒµããããšã ì êµ ã®äžçš®ã§ãã倧人å士ã®èµ€ã¡ããèšèã幌ããšèŠãæåããããŸãããéåœã§ã¯ ì êµ ãé¢ä¿ãè²ãŠãæè¡ãšããŠæããŸãã匱ãã芪å¯ããè¡šãæ¹æ³ã§ããéåœèªã®æç§°ã®å€ãã¯ããã® ì êµ ã®æ çµã¿ã®äžã§ããèªç¶ã«çè§£ã§ããŸãã
å®éã®éåœèªã³ã³ãã³ãã§ç·Žç¿ãã
éåœèªã®æç§°ãèªãã ãã§ãèªåœã¯å¢ããŸãããã ãèªç¶ãªçºè©±ã§èãããšãæ¬åœã®çè§£ã«ã€ãªãããŸããéåœãã©ãã®äž»äººå ¬å士ãæãããã«èšã ìêž°ìŒãæé£ã®å Žé¢ã§å€«å©Šã亀ããæž©ãã ì¬ë³Žãæã®æµããå€ãããããªçã ì€ë¹ ãããããé³ãšå Žé¢ããèšèãçŸå®ã«ããŸããææãã©ãã¯ãæç§°ãææ ã®æèããšåžåããã®ã«æé©ã§ãã
Wordyã§ã¯ãéåœæ ç»ããã©ããã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ãã£ãåå¹ã§èŠãããŸããæç§°ãã¿ãããããšãæå³ãäžå¯§ãã®ã¬ãã«ãæåçèæ¯ããã®å Žã§ç¢ºèªã§ããŸãããªã¹ãã§ ìêž°ìŒ ãæèšããã®ã§ã¯ãªããäž»äººå ¬ãåããŠãã®åŒã³æ¹ã䜿ãå Žé¢ãã身ã«ã€ããŸãã
éåœèªã³ã³ãã³ãããã£ãšæ¢ããªããããã°ã§éåœèªåŠç¿ã«ããããã®æ ç»ãªã©ã®ã¬ã€ããèªããŸããéåœèªåŠç¿ããŒãžããã仿¥ããå®éã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã§ç·Žç¿ãå§ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã質å
éåœèªã§ã«ããã«ãäžçªãã䜿ãæç§°ã¯ïŒ
ìêž°ìŒïŒJagiyaïŒãšì¬ë³ŽïŒYeoboïŒã®éãã¯ïŒ
圌女ã圌æ°ãì€ë¹ ïŒOppaïŒãšåŒãã§ãããïŒ
éåœã®ã«ããã«ã¯'honey'ã'darling'ã¿ãããªè±èªã®æç§°ã䜿ãïŒ
ä»ãåãå§ããã°ãããªããã©ã®éåœèªã®æç§°ãç¡é£ïŒ
éåœèªã®æç§°ã¯ããªãå¹Žéœ¢ãšæ§å¥ããããªã«éèŠãªã®ïŒ
åºå žã»åèè³æ
- National Institute of Korean LanguageïŒêµëŠœêµìŽìïŒ, ãStandard Korean Language Dictionaryã
- Sohn, H.-M.ïŒ1999ïŒ. ãThe Korean Language.ã Cambridge University Press.
- Yeon, J. & Brown, L.ïŒ2011ïŒ. ãKorean: A Comprehensive Grammar.ã Routledge.
- Korean Culture and Information ServiceïŒKOCISïŒ, ãUnderstanding Korean CultureãïŒ2023ïŒ
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World, éåœèªã®èšèªé ç®ïŒ2024ïŒ
Wordyã§åŠç¿ãå§ããã
æ¬ç©ã®æ ç»ã¯ãªãããèŠãªãããé²ããã»ã©èªåœãå¢ãããããŠã³ããŒãç¡æã

