โ† ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื’
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡นืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช

ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: 15 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื”

ืžืืช Sandorืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 28 ื‘ืžืื™ 2026โฑ 8 ื“ืงืณ ืงืจื™ืื”

ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“?

ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ!

๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡งืื ื’ืœื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธืกืคืจื“ื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ทืฆืจืคืชื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ชื’ืจืžื ื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡นืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ตื™ืคื ื™ืช๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ทืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช+ืื—ืจ...

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”

ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• 'Cavolo' (ื›ืจื•ื‘, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• 'ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ') ื• 'Accidenti' (ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ) ื•ืขื“ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื 'bestemmie' ื›ืžื• 'Porco Dio' (ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ). ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื“ืชื™, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ืกื” 15 ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื—ื•ืžืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช.

ืœืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช

ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื’ืกื” ืฉืœื”. ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-85 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืงืœืœื•ืช ืฉื–ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชืš ืœืงืœืœ. ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืชืฉืžืข.

ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืื—ืช: bestemmie (ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ). ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืงืœืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืชื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช. ืœืฆื“ bestemmie, ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืจืžื™ื–ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ.

"Italian profanity is not merely a collection of vulgar words. It is a sociolinguistic map of Italian identity. The bestemmia in Veneto, the 'minchia' in Sicily, the 'daje' in Rome: each region's profanity reflects centuries of distinct cultural evolution."

(Vito Tartamella, Parolacce: Perchรฉ le diciamo, che cosa significano, quali effetti hanno, 2016)

ืกืงืจ ืž-2018 ืฉืœ Accademia della Crusca ืžืฆื ืฉ-78% ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืงืœืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 18-34. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ื›ืœ: ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ืœื—ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื.

ืื ืืช ืื• ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื’ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.

โš ๏ธ ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจืื™

ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื”. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ bestemmie ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘: ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืงืœืœ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืื ืฉืœืš, ืืœ ืชืงืœืœ ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.

ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”

Severity Scale

Mild

Everyday expressions. May raise eyebrows in formal settings but generally acceptable among friends.

Moderate

Clearly vulgar. Common in casual speech but inappropriate in professional or formal contexts.

Strong

Highly offensive. Can provoke strong reactions. Use with extreme caution or avoid entirely.

ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืžืœืžื•ืœ "Cavolo!" ื›ืฉื ืฉืคืš ืœืš ืงืคื” ื”ื•ื ืงืœ. ืฆืขืงื” ืฉืœ "Cazzo!" ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ "Porco Dio!" ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื ืก. ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื’ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”: ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ื•ืกืจื“ื™ื ื™ื”, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืงืœืœื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื

ืืœื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืงืœืœื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.

1. Cavolo

ืงืœ

/kah-VOH-loh/

ื›ืจื•ื‘, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืœ-'cazzo' (ื–ื™ืŸ/ืคืืง). ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ'ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ' ืงืœ ืื• 'ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช' ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.

ื”ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœ-'cazzo.' ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืœ ืกื‘ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ืช: 'Che cavolo!' (ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ!), 'Cavolo, che freddo!' (ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ืงืจ!).

โ€œChe cavolo stai dicendo?โ€

ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ?

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื ืงื™ ืœืฉืคื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

2. Accidenti

ืงืœ

/ah-chee-DEHN-tee/

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ / ืื•ืฃ: ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืขื” ืื• ืชืกื›ื•ืœ.

ืื—ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืž'ืชืื•ื ื•ืช' ืื• 'ืฆืจื•ืช.' ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื” ื™ืขื“: 'Accidenti a te!' (ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืื™ืชืš!).

โ€œAccidenti, ho dimenticato il portafoglio!โ€

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื ืง!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”.

3. Mannaggia

ืงืœ

/mah-NAHJ-jah/

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ / ืื•ืฃ: ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘-'maledizione' (ืงืœืœื”).

ืงืœืœื” ืงืœื” ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื. 'Mannaggia a te' (ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืื™ืชืš), 'mannaggia la miseria' (ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™). ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื–ื” ืงืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ('mannaggia la Madonna') ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืื• ื—ื–ืง, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ.

โ€œMannaggia, ho perso il treno!โ€

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ืคืกืคืกืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช!

๐Ÿ“

ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ื ืืคื•ืœื™, ืงืžืคื ื™ื”) ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืจื•ืžื.

4. Porca miseria

ืงืœ

/POHR-kah mee-ZEH-ree-ah/

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ / ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ื™/ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช.'

ืงืจื™ืืช ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืžื ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” 'miseria' (ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช/ืขื•ื ื™) ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ืขื“ ื“ืชื™. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื‘ื ื” 'porca + ืฉื ืขืฆื' ืฉื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ('porca miseria') ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ('Porco Dio'). ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื.

โ€œPorca miseria, si รจ rotta la macchina!โ€

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื”ืื•ื˜ื• ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” 'porca' ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ 'Porco Dio.'

5. Che palle

ืงืœ

/keh PAHL-leh/

ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื•ื˜ / ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.'

ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœืฉืขืžื•ื, ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื• ื˜ืจื—ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื.

โ€œChe palle, devo lavorare anche sabato.โ€

ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ื•ื˜, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ืช 'che palla' (ื™ื—ื™ื“) ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื

ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืกื”. ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ Tartamella (2016), ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืจื’ืฉื™: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกืžืŸ ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ืืžื•ืŸ. ืชืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืฉืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช.

6. Cazzo

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/KAHT-tsoh/

ื–ื™ืŸ / ืคืืง: ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.

ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ('Cazzo!'), ื›ืžื—ื–ืง ('che cazzo vuoi?', ืžื” ืคืืง ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”?), ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช: 'cazzata' (ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช/ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜), 'incazzato' (ืขืฆื‘ื ื™/ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืข), 'cazzone' (ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜/ื“ื‘ื™ืœ). ืžื—ืงืจ ืž-2016 ืฉืœ Tartamella ืžืฆื ืฉื–ื• ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.

โ€œCazzo, che bella macchina!โ€

ืคืืง, ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ื˜ื• ื™ืคื”!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. Accademia della Crusca ืžืชืขื“ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-14.

7. Merda

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/MEHR-dah/

ื—ืจื: ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื’ืจื•ืข.

ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœ'ื—ืจื'. ื ืืžืจ ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ืชืกื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืชื™ืื•ืจ ('รจ una merda', ื–ื” ื—ืจื), ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš. ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืก ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืจืžื–ืช, ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ืก ื‘ืืžืช.

โ€œMerda, ho sbagliato strada!โ€

ื—ืจื, ื˜ืขื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช 'merda', ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช.

8. Stronzo / Stronza

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/STROHN-tsoh / STROHN-tsah/

ืžื ื™ืืง / ื›ืœื‘ื”: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ื’ื•ืฉ ื—ืจื.' ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.

ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• 'stronzo' (ื–ื›ืจ) ืื• 'stronza' (ื ืงื‘ื”) ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื–. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื: 'quel furbo stronzo' (ื”ืžื ื™ืืง ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื–ื”). ื”ื”ืงื˜ื ื” 'stronzetto' ืžืจื›ื›ืช ืžืขื˜.

โ€œQuello stronzo mi ha tagliato la strada!โ€

ื”ืžื ื™ืืง ื”ื–ื” ื—ืชืš ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™.

9. Minchia

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/MEEN-kyah/

ื–ื™ืŸ / ืคืืง: ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”.

ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืื ื™ ืœ'ืคื™ืŸ', minchia ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืคืชืขื” ืื• ื”ื“ื’ืฉื”. ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™. ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืงืจื™ืื” ('Minchia!'), ื›ืžื—ื–ืง ('minchia che bello!'), ืื• ื›ืžื™ืœืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™. ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ืžืฉืงืคืช ืื™ืš ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.

โ€œMinchia, hai visto che goal?โ€

ื•ื•ืื•, ืจืื™ืช ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ืœ?

๐Ÿ“

ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”, ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžืขืช ื’ืกื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

10. Coglione

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/koh-LYOH-neh/

ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ / ื“ื‘ื™ืœ: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ืืฉืš.' ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคืฉื•ืช.

ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื˜ื™ืคืฉ ืื• ื‘ื–ื•ื™. 'Sei un coglione' (ืืชื” ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜) ื”ื•ื ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ื”ืจื‘ื™ื 'coglioni' ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• 'rompere i coglioni' (ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืœื”ืฆื™ืง) ื•-'avere i coglioni' (ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืฅ).

โ€œNon fare il coglione, concentrati!โ€

ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜, ืชืชืจื›ื–!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'rompere i coglioni' ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.

11. Vaffanculo

ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

/vahf-fahn-KOO-loh/

ืœืš ืชื–ื“ื™ื™ืŸ / ืขื•ืฃ ืžืคื”: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ืœืš ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืชื—ืช.'

ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ 'vai a fare in culo.' ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืืช 'Vaffanculo Day' ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืž-2007 ืฉืื™ืจื’ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ Beppe Grillo. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื–ืง ื›ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•.

โ€œMa vaffanculo, non mi interessa!โ€

ืœืš ืชื–ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื™!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ืœ-'vaffa' ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื

ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ื”-bestemmie (ื—ื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ) ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ื’ืกื™ื, ื”ื ื˜ืื‘ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขื ืฉ.

โš ๏ธ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื bestemmie (ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืชื™), ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืงื ืกื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืขื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงืœืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“.

12. Porca puttana

ื—ื–ืง

/POHR-kah poot-TAH-nah/

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ: ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช 'ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื–ื•ื ื”.' ืงืจื™ืืช ื›ืขืก ืื• ื”ืœื ื—ื–ืงื”.

ืงืจื™ืื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื ืžื ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื‘ื ื” 'porca + ืฉื ืขืฆื'. ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืช 'porca' (ื—ื–ื™ืจื”) ืืœ 'puttana' (ื–ื•ื ื”) ื•ืœื ืืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืื‘ื• ืž-bestemmie, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื•ื“.

โ€œPorca puttana, mi sono bruciato!โ€

ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื ื›ื•ื•ื™ืชื™!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ื–ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืื‘ื• ืž-bestemmie ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช.

13. Figlio di puttana

ื—ื–ืง

/FEE-lyoh dee poot-TAH-nah/

ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื”: ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจ.

ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœ'ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื”'. ื›ืงืจื™ืื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘, ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื›ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื“ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื–ื” ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

โ€œQuel figlio di puttana mi ha fregato!โ€

ื”ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืจื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื™!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช 'onore' (ื›ื‘ื•ื“) ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื”, ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื‘ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.

14. Porco Dio

ื—ื–ืง

/POHR-koh DEE-oh/

Pig God: ื”-bestemmia (ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ) ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”.

ื”-bestemmia ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช. ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ืงืœืœื”, ื–ื” ื˜ืื‘ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™. ืขื“ 1999 bestemmie ื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 724 ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ืฉื“ื™ื ื” ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 51 ืขื“ 309 ืื™ืจื•. ื‘-2023 ื›ืžื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ Serie A ื ืงื ืกื• ืขืœ bestemmie ืฉื ืชืคืกื• ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื”.

โ€œ(No casual usage example: this phrase is a severe blasphemy that can result in legal fines and social ostracism.)โ€

ื–ื• ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื.

๐Ÿ“

ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•, ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื” ื•ืืžื™ืœื™ื” ืจื•ืžืื ื™ื”. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช bestemmie ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืœืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”.

15. Madonna

ื—ื–ืง

/mah-DOHN-nah/

ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข ืžื”ืคืชืขื” ืงืœื” ืขื“ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืื—ืจื™ื”.

ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืจืง 'Madonna!' ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชืขื”, ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ'ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื' ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ-bestemmia ืžืœืื” ื›ืฉืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช: 'Madonna puttana' (Madonna ื”ื–ื•ื ื”), 'Madonna boia' (Madonna ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืŸ). ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืืคื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืงืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืงืชื•ืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืงื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื›ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.

โ€œMadonna, che spavento!โ€

Madonna, ืื™ื–ื” ืคื—ื“!

๐Ÿ“

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื‘ื“ ื ืกื‘ืœืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ('puttana,' 'boia,' 'ladra') ืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื“ ืœืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ bestemmia ืžืœืื”.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช

ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ. ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืงืœืœื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื:

ืžื•ืฉื’ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืจื•ืžื/ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื”)ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ื ืืคื•ืœื™)ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”
"Fuck!" (ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื)Cazzo! / Porco Dio!Cazzo! / Li mortacci tua!Cazzo! / Mannaggia!Minchia!
"Shit!"Merda!Merda!Merda!Minchia!
"Idiot/Asshole"CoglioneStronzoStrunz' / CretinoBabbasunazzu
"Go to hell"VaffanculoVaffanculo / Daje!Vaffanculo / Vattenn'!Vaffanculo
ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืชื™ื ืคื•ืฅ ืžืื•ื“ (ื•ื ื˜ื•)ื ืคื•ืฅ (ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื”)ื ื“ื™ืจ / ื˜ืื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืจ / ื˜ืื‘ื•
"Damn" (ืงืœ)Cavolo! / Accidenti!Cavolo! / Daje!Mannaggia!Minchia! (ืงืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ)

๐ŸŒ ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”-bestemmia

ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื ื˜ื•, ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื” ื•ืืžื™ืœื™ื” ืจื•ืžืื ื™ื”, ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›"ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”-bestemmia", ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืชื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช. ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืžืชื—ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืœืขืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘-bestemmie ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื‘ืืžืช. ื•ื ืฆื™ืื ื™ ืฉื™ื–ืจื•ืง "Porco Dio" ื‘ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื–ืขื ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื ืืคื•ืœื™.

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช

ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืชืžื™ื:

ืžืงื•ืจื™ (ื•ื•ืœื’ืจื™)ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
Cazzo (dick/fuck)Cavoloื›ืจื•ื‘
Cazzo (dick/fuck)Cacchio(ืจื™ื›ื•ืš ืคื•ื ื˜ื™)
Porco Dio (Pig God)Porco diavoloื—ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืŸ
Porco Dio (Pig God)Porco giudaื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”
Madonna (Virgin Mary)Madosca(ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ืคื•ื ื˜ื™)
Merda (shit)Merdaccia(ื”ื’ื“ืœื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ ื ืฉืžืข ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ)
Porca puttana (pig whore)Porca miseriaื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช
Vaffanculo (fuck off)Vaffa(ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ)

๐Ÿ’ก ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื›ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื”

ืื ืืช ืื• ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืœืžื“ื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื”. "Cavolo!" ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "Cazzo!" ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื•ืช. "Porca miseria!" ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช "Porco Dio!" ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช. "Mannaggia!" ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื›ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืคื”, ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื.

Bestemmie: ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”

ืฉื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœื ืฉืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœ-bestemmie, ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.

bestemmie ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืกื—ื”: ื—ื™ื” ืื• ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ + God/Madonna/Saint. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื "Porco Dio" (Pig God), "Dio cane" (God is a dog), "Dio boia" (God the executioner), ื•-"Madonna puttana" (Madonna the whore). ืืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืงืœืœื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื ืคืจื“ืช.

ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™: ืขื“ 1999, bestemmie ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ื›ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื”ื™ื•ื ืกืขื™ืฃ 724 ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื›ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ืขื ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ 51 ืขื“ 309 ืื™ืจื•. ื–ื” ื ืื›ืฃ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ: ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืงื•ื ืก ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืฉ-bestemmie ื ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ.

ื”ืžืžื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™: ื’ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืงืœืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงื• ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืœ bestemmie. ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ "cazzo" ื•-"stronzo" ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื bestemmia ืžื”ืคื”. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื•ื ื˜ื• ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกืงื ื”, bestemmie ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื ื•ืจืžืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืคืงื“ื•ืช ื›ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืจืชืง ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.

"The bestemmia represents the intersection of language, religion, and regional identity in Italy. Its persistence in the most historically Catholic regions of the North tells us more about Italian culture than any textbook could."

(Martin Maiden & Cecilia Robustelli, A Reference Grammar of Modern Italian, 2013)

ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”

ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื™ื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื ืจืง ืœืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืฆื—ื•ืง, ื›ืขืก ืื• ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื”.

ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืจื•ืžืื™ืช: Romanzo Criminale ื•-Suburra ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ ืจื•ืžืื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ "li mortacci tua" ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘-"stronzo" ื•-"cazzo." ืœื˜ืขื ื ืืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื ื™: Gomorra ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืงืœืœื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืืœืงื˜. ืœืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช: Il Commissario Montalbano ืžืฆื™ื’ ื”ืฆืฆื•ืช ืœ-"minchia" ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ืœืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช: Perfetti Sconosciuti (Perfect Strangers) ืžืฆื™ื’ ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžืœื ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืœืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ Wordy ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืชื•ืš ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™.

ืœืขื•ื“ ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืฉืคื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืข ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืขื Wordy.

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ื

ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืืœื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช:

ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื”. ืชืคื’ืฉื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ืื ืชื‘ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืขื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื”, ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœ bestemmia ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชืš ืœืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ.

bestemmie ื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืขื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืงืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื“ื™ื ื” ืงื ืก ื•ื’ื ื˜ืื‘ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”.

ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”. "Minchia" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืงืœื” ื‘ืคืœืจืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœืื ื•. bestemmie ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื–ืขื–ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ืืคื•ืœื™. ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง, ืืœ ืชืงืœืœื•. ื›ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืื• bestemmia ืฉื ืคืœื˜ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืจื’ืข ืงืœื™ืœ ืœืจื’ืข ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช. ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ, ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื•ื.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“? ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ Wordy ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื•ื’ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื” ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช?
'Cazzo' (ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• 'ืคืืง') ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœืœื” ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช. ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคืชืขื”, ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืื• ื”ื“ื’ืฉื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ 'fuck' ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”.
ืžื” ื–ื” bestemmie ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”?
Bestemmie ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืžืขืœื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืืช ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ืื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: 'Porco Dio' ื• 'Dio cane'. ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช. ืขื“ 1999 ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืงื ืก ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 724.
ื”ืื ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”?
ื›ืŸ, ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื•ื•ื ื˜ื• ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืกืงื ื”, ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ bestemmie. ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืงืœืœื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• 'minchia' ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื’ื ืœืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ื• 'cornuto' ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
ื”ืื 'cazzo' ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช?
ื›ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 'cazzo' ื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• 'ืคืืง' ืื• 'ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ'. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื’ืก ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื• ืจืฉืžื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื. ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• 'incazzato' ื• 'cazzata' ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
ืžืื™ืœื• ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื›ื–ืจื™ื?
ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืž bestemmie, ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื• 'Porco Dio' ืื• 'Madonna puttana'. ื’ื ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืงืœืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืงื ืก. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ื’ื ืžืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• 'stronzo' ืื• 'figlio di puttana'. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื 'cavolo' ืื• 'accidenti'.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื ืก ืขืœ ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”?
ื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 724 ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ bestemmie, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืงื ืก ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืฉืœ 51 ืขื“ 309 ืื™ืจื•. ื‘ 2023 ื›ืžื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื ืงื ืกื• ืขืœ bestemmie ืฉื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื”. ืงืœืœื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ื ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœ bestemmie ื™ืฉ ืžืขืžื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช

  1. Tartamella, V. (2016). 'Parolacce: Perchรฉ le diciamo, che cosa significano, quali effetti hanno.' BUR Rizzoli.
  2. Maiden, M. & Robustelli, C. (2013). 'A Reference Grammar of Modern Italian.' Routledge.
  3. Jay, T. (2009). 'The Utility and Ubiquity of Taboo Words.' Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2), 153-161.
  4. Accademia della Crusca, vocabolario.sns.it, ืขืจื›ื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ืฉืคื” ื’ืกื”
  5. Codice Penale Italiano, Art. 724, ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื

ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื Wordy

ืฆืคื• ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™. ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.

ื”ื•ืจื“ ื‘โ€‘App Storeืœื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘-Google Playื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ Chrome
ืœืžื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืขื Wordy โ†’

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