🇰🇷Korean

Korean Numbers 1-100: The Complete Guide to Counting in Korean

By SandorFebruary 14, 2026⏱ 10 min read

Quick Answer

Korean has two complete number systems: Sino-Korean (il, i, sam) used for dates, money, phone numbers, and math, and native Korean (hana, dul, set) used for counting objects, telling time (hours), and ages. Both systems go up to 99 and are used daily. The most important first step is learning which system to use in which context.

Korean numbers present a fascinating challenge: the language maintains two entirely separate counting systems, and everyday life requires fluency in both. Knowing when to use which system is just as important as knowing the numbers themselves.

Korean is spoken by approximately 82 million people, primarily in South Korea and North Korea, according to Ethnologue's 2024 data. The Korean Foundation reports that over 16 million people worldwide are studying Korean, driven by the global rise of K-pop, K-drama, and Korean culture. Whether you are ordering food in Seoul, understanding a K-drama character's age, or reading prices at a convenience store, you will constantly switch between the two number systems.

"The dual number system in Korean is not redundant; each system occupies distinct functional domains. The challenge for learners is not memorizing the numbers themselves, but internalizing the distribution rules that determine which system to use." (Jaehoon Yeon & Lucien Brown, Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge, 2019; Ho-min Sohn, The Korean Language, Cambridge University Press)

This guide covers both Sino-Korean and native Korean numbers from 1-100, explains exactly when to use each system, introduces counters, and explores the cultural meaning of numbers in Korean society.

Korean (Sino / Native)	English	Pronunciation
일 / 하나	1	il / hana
이 / 둘	2	i / dul
삼 / 셋	3	sam / set
사 / 넷	4	sa / net
오 / 다섯	5	o / da-seot
육 / 여섯	6	yuk / yeo-seot
칠 / 일곱	7	chil / il-gop
팔 / 여덟	8	pal / yeo-deol
십 / 열	10	sip / yeol
백	100	baek

Sino-Korean Numbers (한자어 수)

The Sino-Korean system, borrowed from Chinese, is used for dates, money, phone numbers, addresses, minutes and seconds, and mathematics. It is the more "official" of the two systems.

Sino-Korean 1-10

💡 When to Use Sino-Korean Numbers

Use Sino-Korean for: dates (삼월 = March, 십오일 = the 15th), money (오천 원 = 5,000 won), phone numbers (공일공... = 010...), addresses, minutes and seconds (삼십 분 = 30 minutes), math, and any number above 100. When in doubt with large numbers, Sino-Korean is almost always correct.

Sino-Korean 11-20 and Compound Formation

The Sino-Korean compound pattern is identical to Japanese and Chinese: sip (ten) + unit for 11-19, and unit + sip for the tens.

Sino-Korean Tens (20-100)

Compound examples: 25 = 이십오 (i-sib-o), 43 = 사십삼 (sa-sip-sam), 67 = 육십칠 (yuk-sip-chil), 99 = 구십구 (gu-sip-gu). The system is completely regular with no exceptions.

Sino-Korean Hundreds and Thousands

Like Japanese, Korean groups large numbers by ten-thousands (만, man), not thousands. 100,000 is sip-man (ten ten-thousands), and one million is baek-man (hundred ten-thousands). This is a critical difference from Western number grouping that takes practice to internalize.

Native Korean Numbers (고유어 수)

The native Korean system is used for counting objects with counters, telling hours, stating age in casual speech, and quantities up to 99. It has unique forms for each number up to 99.

Native Korean 1-10

⚠️ Shortened Forms Before Counters

Numbers 1-4 and 20 change their form when placed directly before a counter word. 하나 becomes 한 (han), 둘 becomes 두 (du), 셋 becomes 세 (se), 넷 becomes 네 (ne), and 스물 becomes 스무 (seumu). Example: "three people" is 세 명 (se myeong), not 셋 명. This shortened form is mandatory and one of the most common mistakes learners make.

Native Korean 11-20

Native Korean teens follow the pattern yeol (ten) + unit. At 20, a new unique word appears: seumul.

Native Korean Tens (20-90)

Unlike the Sino-Korean system where tens follow a predictable pattern, native Korean tens each have unique names that must be memorized.

Compound examples: 25 = 스물다섯 (seu-mul-da-seot), 33 = 서른셋 (seo-reun-set), 47 = 마흔일곱 (ma-heun-il-gop), 99 = 아흔아홉 (a-heun-a-hop). Native Korean numbers above 50 are increasingly rare in everyday speech, and most Koreans switch to Sino-Korean for larger numbers in casual contexts.

💡 When to Use Native Korean Numbers

Use native Korean for: counting objects with counters (사과 세 개 = 3 apples), telling hours (세 시 = 3 o'clock, but 삼십 분 = 30 minutes uses Sino-Korean), and age in conversation (스물다섯 살 = 25 years old). Note: Korean time uniquely mixes both systems. Hours use native Korean, minutes use Sino-Korean.

Korean Counters (Classifiers)

Like Japanese, Korean requires counter words when counting specific objects. Counters always follow the pattern: noun + native Korean number + counter.

The counter 개 (gae, general object counter) is the most versatile. When you do not know the specific counter for something, 개 will almost always work in casual speech. The National Institute of Korean Language recognizes 개 as an acceptable general-purpose counter in informal contexts.

Ordinal Numbers in Korean

Korean ordinals are formed by adding 번째 (beonjjae) after the native Korean number. The first item has a special form.

The shortened forms (첫째, 둘째, 셋째, 넷째) are used for ranking children in a family: 첫째 (first child), 둘째 (second child). Beyond daily use, Sino-Korean ordinals with 제 (je) are used in formal contexts: 제일 (first), 제이 (second), 제삼 (third).

Cultural Significance of Numbers in Korea

Numbers carry deep cultural meaning in Korean society, influenced by both traditional beliefs and modern urban culture.

Unlucky 4 (사/sa): The Sino-Korean 4 (sa) sounds like the Chinese character for death (死). Many Korean buildings label the 4th floor as "F" (for "four") instead of "4" in elevator buttons. Some apartment complexes skip the 4th, 14th, and 44th floors entirely. This tetraphobia is gradually weakening among younger Koreans but remains strong in hospitals and among older generations.

Lucky 7 (칠/chil): The number 7 is widely considered lucky in Korea, reinforced by both traditional Buddhist associations (seven stars, seven treasures) and the influence of Western popular culture. Convenience store lottery tickets prominently feature 7.

Lucky 3 (삼/sam): Three holds positive connotations in Korean culture. The foundation myth of Korea involves the number 3 (Hwanung descended to a place between three peaks, and Dangun founded the nation). The Korean expression 삼세번 (sam-se-beon, three times) reflects the cultural belief that three attempts lead to success.

Number 8 (팔/pal): As in other East Asian cultures, 8 is considered auspicious because its Chinese character 八 resembles spreading prosperity. Phone numbers and license plates containing multiple 8s are sought after.

The age question: Korea traditionally used a different age-counting system where everyone turns one year older on New Year's Day. In 2023, South Korea officially switched to the international age system (만 나이, man nai). However, the traditional system (한국 나이, hanguk nai) persists in casual conversation, and Koreans routinely calculate both.

🌍 Number Superstitions in Daily Life

When giving monetary gifts in Korea, amounts with 4 are avoided. Wedding gifts are typically in multiples of 10,000 won (만 원): 50,000 won (오만 원), 100,000 won (십만 원). Hospital gift amounts avoid 4 entirely. The number 18 (십팔) is mildly taboo because sip-pal sounds similar to a common Korean expletive.

A Quick Reference: Which System When?

This table summarizes the critical decision of when to use each number system.

Practice with Real Korean Content

Korean numbers appear in every K-drama, K-pop song, and everyday conversation. The dual system becomes intuitive with exposure, and you will naturally start hearing which system native speakers use in which context. Market scenes, restaurant orders, and phone conversations are especially number-dense.

Korean dramas and variety shows provide excellent number practice. Shopping scenes, age reveals, and game segments are loaded with both number systems. Check out our guide to the best movies for learning Korean for recommendations across genres.

Wordy helps you practice Korean numbers in real context with interactive subtitles on Korean shows and movies. When a number appears in dialogue, tap it to see the Hangul, romanization, and whether it uses Sino-Korean or native Korean. Explore our blog for more Korean learning guides, or visit our Korean learning page to start practicing today.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the two Korean number systems?

Korean uses Sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼 / il, i, sam), borrowed from Chinese, for dates, money, phone numbers, addresses, and math. Native Korean numbers (하나, 둘, 셋 / hana, dul, set) are used for counting objects with counters, telling hours, and stating age. Both systems are essential for daily life.

When do you use Sino-Korean vs. native Korean numbers?

Sino-Korean: dates (2월 15일), money (5,000원), phone numbers, addresses, minutes/seconds, math, numbers above 100. Native Korean: counting objects with counters (사과 세 개 = three apples), hours (세 시 = 3 o'clock), age in casual speech (스물다섯 살 = 25 years old).

Is 4 unlucky in Korean?

Yes. The Sino-Korean number 4 (사, sa) is a homophone of 死 (death) in Chinese characters used in Korean. Many Korean buildings skip the 4th floor, labeling it 'F' instead. Hospitals avoid room 4. However, the superstition is somewhat less intense than in Japan, and younger Koreans are increasingly less concerned.

Why do native Korean numbers change before counters?

The native Korean numbers 1-4 (하나, 둘, 셋, 넷) and 20 (스물) shorten when placed before a counter word: 하나 becomes 한 (han), 둘 becomes 두 (du), 셋 becomes 세 (se), 넷 becomes 네 (ne), 스물 becomes 스무 (seumu). So 'three apples' is 사과 세 개, not 사과 셋 개.

How do you say age in Korean?

Korean uses native Korean numbers with the counter 살 (sal) for age: 한 살 (1 year old), 스물다섯 살 (25 years old). In formal or legal contexts, Sino-Korean numbers with 세 (se) are used instead: 25세 (twenty-five years of age). Both systems are understood, but native Korean + 살 is far more common in conversation.

What number is considered lucky in Korean?

The number 7 (칠, chil) is widely considered lucky in Korea, influenced by both traditional beliefs and modern Western culture. The number 3 also carries positive associations. Conversely, 4 (사, sa) is unlucky due to its sound similarity to death, though this belief is gradually weakening among younger generations.

Sources & References

National Institute of Korean Language (국립국어원) — Standard Korean Language Dictionary
Yeon, J. & Brown, L. (2019). Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition. Routledge.
Korean Foundation — Korean Language Education Survey, 2022
Ethnologue: Languages of the World — Korean language entry (2024)