โ† ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื’
๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บืจื•ืกื™ืช

10 ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจื•ืกื™ืช

ืžืืช Sandorืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 14 ื‘ืžืื™ 20268 ื“ืงืณ ืงืจื™ืื”10 ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”

ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื Cheburashka ื• Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, Better Than Us ื• The Irony of Fate ืœืจืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื• Stalker ื• The Master and Margarita ืœืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื. ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื› 255 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื•ื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื” FSI ื›ืฉืคื” ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” IV, ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืขืจืš 1,100 ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.

ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื•. ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90, ื•ื’ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื. ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื› 255 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื (Ethnologue, 2024), ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื” FSI ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืฉืคื” ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” IV, ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืขืจืš 1,100 ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืจื™ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžืกืชื“ืจ. ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง: ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขืœื™ื, ื•ืกื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืœืฉืŸ Stephen Krashen ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืขืจืช ื”ืงืœื˜ ืฉืœื•, ืงืœื˜ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืžื“ื™ื” ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื›ืกื” 60 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื• ืžืฉื.

1

The Irony of Fate (Ironiya Sudby)

ืกืจื˜(1976)ืžืชื—ื™ืœ

ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ "It's a Wonderful Life". ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชื›ืจ, ื˜ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื–ืจ. ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื•ืกืงื‘ืื™ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืชื•ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื—ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขืงื‘ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™. ืฉื™ืจื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืงื“ื•ืง.

2

Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears (Moskva Slezam ne Verit)

ืกืจื˜(1980)ืžืชื—ื™ืœ

ืกืจื˜ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืื•ืกืงืจ ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”. ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืฉื™ื—ืชื™, ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืฉืคื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื” 1950 ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 1970.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช. ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™: ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืจื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ. ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

3

To the Lake (Epidemiya)

ืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”(2019-present)ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ืžื•ืชื—ืŸ ืžื’ืคื” ืฉื‘ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื—ืช ืžืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืœืื’ื ืžืจื•ื—ืง. ื”ืžืชื— ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฅ, ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื ืฉืžืขืช ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช, ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืจื•ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื”. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื•ืขืก ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆื™ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืชื—ื ืŸ. ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืงืœ ืจื’ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

4

The Method (Metod)

ืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”(2015-2020)ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ื“ืจืžืช ืคืฉืข ืืคืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ืœืฉ ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืžืชื•ื— ื•ืงืฆืจ, ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืœืชืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช. ื”ืกืœื ื’ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–'ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืชื›ืชื™ื‘: ืขืฆืจื•, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื, ื•ืื– ื‘ื“ืงื•. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

5

Better Than Us (Luchshe, chem lyudi)

ืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”(2018-2019)ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ืกื“ืจืช ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืžืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืคืฆื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš Netflix, ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื‘ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืœื‘ ืจืฉืžื™. ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ty" (ืืชื” ืœื ืจืฉืžื™) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "vy" (ืืชื” ืจืฉืžื™) ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ.

6

Leviathan (Leviafan)

ืกืจื˜(2014)ืžืชืงื“ื

ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ Andrey Zvyagintsev ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉื—ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืฃ ืงื˜ื ื”. ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชื•ืช, ืžืงืœืœื•ืช, ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช, ื›ื–ื• ืฉืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”, ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ืฉืคื”. ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ. ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจื• ืื™ืชื•.

7

Loveless (Nelyubov)

ืกืจื˜(2017)ืžืชืงื“ื

ืขื•ื“ ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ Zvyagintsev, ื”ืคืขื ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื ืขืœื. ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืœื ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืจื•ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช: ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช, ื”ืชื—ืžืงื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืช. ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื. ืœืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืงืฆื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฆืžื•ื“.

8

Fidelity (Vernost)

ืกืจื˜(2019)ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ื“ืจืžื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื”. ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืงื˜ื”, ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ืจื”ืจืช. ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช: ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืกืžื•ืœ ื˜ื•ืง ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื”ืคืš ืžื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืš ืฉืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช ื ืฉืžืขืช ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืื™ืš ืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.

9

Brother (Brat)

ืกืจื˜(1997)ืžืชืงื“ื

ืงืœืืกื™ืงืช ืงืืœื˜ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 1990 ืขืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืœืจื•ืฆื— ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื‘ St. Petersburg. ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืกืคื•ื’ ื‘ืกืœื ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90, ื–'ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื ื•ืžืก ื•ืœื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช. ืจื•ืกื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืฃ. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืจืคืจื ืกื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืค ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ Danila Bagrov ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื”. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื ื•ื—.

10

Night Watch (Nochnoy Dozor)

ืกืจื˜(2004)ืžืชืงื“ื

ืกืจื˜ ืืงืฉืŸ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ Sergei Lukyanenko. ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืคืกืคืกืชื ืงื•ื“ื.

ื˜ื™ืค ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”: ืงืจืื• ืงื•ื“ื ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืขืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฆืคื• ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืจื™ืœื™ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื–ื ื”.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช

1

ืœืžื“ื• ืงื™ืจื™ืœื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืคืœื™ื™. ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืžื™. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ("P" ื”ื™ื "R", "H" ื”ื™ื "N"), ืื– ืกื“ืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื, ืื—ืจืช ืชืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

2

ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขืœื™ื. ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”. "He was reading" ืœืขื•ืžืช "he read (and finished)" ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.

3

ืืœ ืชืฉื ื ื• ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืฆืคื• ืื™ืš ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืก ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ื— ืงื•ืœื˜ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื. ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ.

4

ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื” 1970 ื•ื” 1980 ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืฉืžืœืื” ื‘ืกืœื ื’ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ืงื™.

5

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ Wordy ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืง ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ื ื’ืžืจืช ื•ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื”ืื ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื?
ืžืžืฉ ืœื. ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง (ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขืœื™ื) ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจื’ืฉื™. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืื•ืชื ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื. Wordy ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืขื ืงืœื™ืคื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืงื™ืจื™ืœื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช?
ื›ื“ืื™. ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“, ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืงื™ืจื™ืœื™ืช, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื. ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื” ืืชื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”. ืœืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉ 33 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืฉืคื”.
ืžื” ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™?
The Irony of Fate. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื ื™ื ื•ื—, ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื’ื ื›ืฉืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’, ื•ื›ืœ ืจื•ืกื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืกืคื’ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช. Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืื• ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช?
ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื” 1970 ื•ื” 1980 ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืคื” ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช, ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืกืœื ื’. ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• To the Lake ืื• The Method ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืื™ืš ืจื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืกืœื ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช

  1. Foreign Service Institute (FSI). "Language Difficulty Rankings." U.S. Department of State.
  2. Ethnologue (2024). "Russian Language Profile." SIL International.
  3. Krashen, S. (1985). "The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications." Longman.

ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื Wordy

ืฆืคื• ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™. ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.

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